Revenue Distribution in the IMO Net-Zero Framework

The first in-depth look at how the IMO Net-Zero Framework, expected to raise USD 10-15 billion annually for shipping decarbonisation, will distribute its revenues — covering alternative fuel uptake, fuel availability, impacts on states including food security, and a just transition for maritime workers. It argues for a broad reading of what counts as ‘within the boundaries of the energy transition in shipping’, consistent with MARPOL. (DELI Working Paper No.2/2025)